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    //! This crate allows interacting with the data stored by [`OsStr`] and
    //! [`OsString`], without resorting to panics or corruption for invalid UTF-8.
    //! Thus, methods can be used that are already defined on [`[u8]`][slice] and
    //! [`Vec<u8>`].
    //!
    //! Typically, the only way to losslessly construct [`OsStr`] or [`OsString`]
    //! from a byte sequence is to use `OsStr::new(str::from_utf8(bytes)?)`, which
    //! requires the bytes to be valid in UTF-8. However, since this crate makes
    //! conversions directly between the platform encoding and raw bytes, even some
    //! strings invalid in UTF-8 can be converted.
    //!
    //! In most cases, [`RawOsStr`] and [`RawOsString`] should be used.
    //! [`OsStrBytes`] and [`OsStringBytes`] provide lower-level APIs that are
    //! easier to misuse.
    //!
    //! # Encoding
    //!
    //! The encoding of bytes returned or accepted by methods of this crate is
    //! intentionally left unspecified. It may vary for different platforms, so
    //! defining it would run contrary to the goal of generic string handling.
    //! However, the following invariants will always be upheld:
    //!
    //! - The encoding will be compatible with UTF-8. In particular, splitting an
    //!   encoded byte sequence by a UTF-8&ndash;encoded character always produces
    //!   other valid byte sequences. They can be re-encoded without error using
    //!   [`RawOsString::into_os_string`] and similar methods.
    //!
    //! - All characters valid in platform strings are representable. [`OsStr`] and
    //!   [`OsString`] can always be losslessly reconstructed from extracted bytes.
    //!
    //! Note that the chosen encoding may not match how Rust stores these strings
    //! internally, which is undocumented. For instance, the result of calling
    //! [`OsStr::len`] will not necessarily match the number of bytes this crate
    //! uses to represent the same string.
    //!
    //! Additionally, concatenation may yield unexpected results without a UTF-8
    //! separator. If two platform strings need to be concatenated, the only safe
    //! way to do so is using [`OsString::push`]. This limitation also makes it
    //! undesirable to use the bytes in interchange.
    //!
    //! Since this encoding can change between versions and platforms, it should
    //! not be used for storage. The standard library provides implementations of
    //! [`OsStrExt`] and [`OsStringExt`] for various platforms, which should be
    //! preferred for that use case.
    //!
    //! # User Input
    //!
    //! Traits in this crate should ideally not be used to convert byte sequences
    //! that did not originate from [`OsStr`] or a related struct. The encoding
    //! used by this crate is an implementation detail, so it does not make sense
    //! to expose it to users.
    //!
    //! Crate [bstr] offers some useful alternative methods, such as
    //! [`ByteSlice::to_os_str`] and [`ByteVec::into_os_string`], that are meant
    //! for user input. But, they reject some byte sequences used to represent
    //! valid platform strings, which would be undesirable for reliable path
    //! handling. They are best used only when accepting unknown input.
    //!
    //! This crate is meant to help when you already have an instance of [`OsStr`]
    //! and need to modify the data in a lossless way.
    //!
    //! # Features
    //!
    //! These features are optional and can be enabled or disabled in a
    //! "Cargo.toml" file.
    //!
    //! ### Default Features
    //!
    //! - **memchr** -
    //!   Changes the implementation to use crate [memchr] for better performance.
    //!   This feature is useless when "raw\_os\_str" is disabled.
    //!
    //!   For more information, see [`RawOsStr`][memchr complexity].
    //!
    //! - **raw\_os\_str** -
    //!   Provides:
    //!   - [`iter`]
    //!   - [`Pattern`]
    //!   - [`RawOsStr`]
    //!   - [`RawOsStrCow`]
    //!   - [`RawOsString`]
    //!
    //! ### Optional Features
    //!
    //! - **checked\_conversions** -
    //!   Provides:
    //!   - [`EncodingError`]
    //!   - [`OsStrBytes::from_raw_bytes`]
    //!   - [`OsStringBytes::from_raw_vec`]
    //!   - [`RawOsStr::from_raw_bytes`]
    //!   - [`RawOsString::from_raw_vec`]
    //!
    //!   Because this feature should not be used in libraries, the
    //!   "OS_STR_BYTES_CHECKED_CONVERSIONS" environment variable must be defined
    //!   during compilation.
    //!
    //! - **print\_bytes** -
    //!   Provides implementations of [`print_bytes::ToBytes`] for [`RawOsStr`] and
    //!   [`RawOsString`].
    //!
    //! - **uniquote** -
    //!   Provides implementations of [`uniquote::Quote`] for [`RawOsStr`] and
    //!   [`RawOsString`].
    //!
    //! # Implementation
    //!
    //! Some methods return [`Cow`] to account for platform differences. However,
    //! no guarantee is made that the same variant of that enum will always be
    //! returned for the same platform. Whichever can be constructed most
    //! efficiently will be returned.
    //!
    //! All traits are [sealed], meaning that they can only be implemented by this
    //! crate. Otherwise, backward compatibility would be more difficult to
    //! maintain for new features.
    //!
    //! # Complexity
    //!
    //! Conversion method complexities will vary based on what functionality is
    //! available for the platform. At worst, they will all be linear, but some can
    //! take constant time. For example, [`RawOsString::into_os_string`] might be
    //! able to reuse its allocation.
    //!
    //! # Examples
    //!
    //! ```
    //! # use std::io;
    //! #
    //! # #[cfg(feature = "raw_os_str")]
    //! # {
    //! # #[cfg(any())]
    //! use std::env;
    //! use std::fs;
    //!
    //! use os_str_bytes::RawOsStr;
    //!
    //! # mod env {
    //! #   use std::env;
    //! #   use std::ffi::OsString;
    //! #
    //! #   pub fn args_os() -> impl Iterator<Item = OsString> {
    //! #       let mut file = env::temp_dir();
    //! #       file.push("os_str_bytes\u{E9}.txt");
    //! #       return vec![OsString::new(), file.into_os_string()].into_iter();
    //! #   }
    //! # }
    //! #
    //! for file in env::args_os().skip(1) {
    //!     if !RawOsStr::new(&file).starts_with('-') {
    //!         let string = "Hello, world!";
    //!         fs::write(&file, string)?;
    //!         assert_eq!(string, fs::read_to_string(file)?);
    //!     }
    //! }
    //! # }
    //! #
    //! # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
    //! ```
    //!
    //! [bstr]: https://crates.io/crates/bstr
    //! [`ByteSlice::to_os_str`]: https://docs.rs/bstr/0.2.12/bstr/trait.ByteSlice.html#method.to_os_str
    //! [`ByteVec::into_os_string`]: https://docs.rs/bstr/0.2.12/bstr/trait.ByteVec.html#method.into_os_string
    //! [memchr complexity]: RawOsStr#complexity
    //! [memchr]: https://crates.io/crates/memchr
    //! [`OsStrExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt
    //! [`OsStringExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt
    //! [sealed]: https://rust-lang.github.io/api-guidelines/future-proofing.html#c-sealed
    //! [print\_bytes]: https://crates.io/crates/print_bytes

    #![cfg_attr(not(feature = "checked_conversions"), allow(deprecated))]
    // Only require a nightly compiler when building documentation for docs.rs.
    // This is a private option that should not be used.
    // https://github.com/rust-lang/docs.rs/issues/147#issuecomment-389544407
    // https://github.com/dylni/os_str_bytes/issues/2
    #![cfg_attr(os_str_bytes_docs_rs, feature(doc_cfg))]
    // Nightly is also currently required for the SGX platform.
    #![cfg_attr(
        all(target_vendor = "fortanix", target_env = "sgx"),
        feature(sgx_platform)
    )]
    #![warn(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
    #![warn(unused_results)]

    use std::borrow::Cow;
    use std::error::Error;
    use std::ffi::OsStr;
    use std::ffi::OsString;
    use std::fmt;
    use std::fmt::Display;
    use std::fmt::Formatter;
    use std::path::Path;
    use std::path::PathBuf;
    use std::result;

    macro_rules! if_checked_conversions {
        ( $($item:item)+ ) => {
            $(
                #[cfg(feature = "checked_conversions")]
                $item
            )+
        };
    }

    #[cfg(not(os_str_bytes_docs_rs))]
    if_checked_conversions! {
        const _: &str = env!(
            "OS_STR_BYTES_CHECKED_CONVERSIONS",
            "The 'OS_STR_BYTES_CHECKED_CONVERSIONS' environment variable must be \
             defined to use the 'checked_conversions' feature.",
        );
    }

    #[rustfmt::skip]
    macro_rules! deprecated_checked_conversion {
        ( $message:expr , $item:item ) => {
            #[cfg_attr(
                not(feature = "checked_conversions"),
                deprecated = $message
            )]
            $item
        };
    }

    macro_rules! expect_encoded {
        ( $result:expr ) => {
            $result.expect("invalid raw bytes")
        };
    }

    macro_rules! if_raw_str {
        ( $($item:item)+ ) => {
            $(
                #[cfg(feature = "raw_os_str")]
                $item
            )+
        };
    }

    #[cfg_attr(
        all(target_family = "wasm", target_os = "unknown"),
        path = "wasm/mod.rs"
    )]
    #[cfg_attr(windows, path = "windows/mod.rs")]
    #[cfg_attr(
        not(any(all(target_family = "wasm", target_os = "unknown"), windows)),
        path = "common/mod.rs"
    )]
    mod imp;

    #[cfg(any(
        all(
            feature = "raw_os_str",
            target_family = "wasm",
            target_os = "unknown",
        ),
        windows,
    ))]
    mod util;

    if_raw_str! {
        pub mod iter;

        mod pattern;
        pub use pattern::Pattern;

        mod raw_str;
        pub use raw_str::RawOsStr;
        pub use raw_str::RawOsStrCow;
        pub use raw_str::RawOsString;
    }

    deprecated_checked_conversion! {
        "use `OsStrBytes::assert_from_raw_bytes` or \
         `OsStringBytes::assert_from_raw_vec` instead, or enable the \
         'checked_conversions' feature",
        /// The error that occurs when a byte sequence is not representable in the
        /// platform encoding.
        ///
        /// [`Result::unwrap`] should almost always be called on results containing
        /// this error. It should be known whether or not byte sequences are
        /// properly encoded for the platform, since [the module-level
        /// documentation][encoding] discourages using encoded bytes in
        /// interchange. Results are returned primarily to make panicking behavior
        /// explicit.
        ///
        /// On Unix, this error is never returned, but [`OsStrExt`] or
        /// [`OsStringExt`] should be used instead if that needs to be guaranteed.
        ///
        /// [encoding]: self#encoding
        /// [`OsStrExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt
        /// [`OsStringExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt
        /// [`Result::unwrap`]: ::std::result::Result::unwrap
        #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
        #[cfg_attr(
            os_str_bytes_docs_rs,
            doc(cfg(feature = "checked_conversions"))
        )]
        pub struct EncodingError(imp::EncodingError);
    }

    impl Display for EncodingError {
        #[inline]
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
            self.0.fmt(f)
        }
    }

    impl Error for EncodingError {}

    type Result<T> = result::Result<T, EncodingError>;

    fn from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(
        string: S,
    ) -> result::Result<Cow<'a, OsStr>, imp::EncodingError>
    where
        S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
    {
        match string.into() {
            Cow::Borrowed(string) => imp::os_str_from_bytes(string),
            Cow::Owned(string) => imp::os_string_from_vec(string).map(Cow::Owned),
        }
    }

    fn cow_os_str_into_path(string: Cow<'_, OsStr>) -> Cow<'_, Path> {
        match string {
            Cow::Borrowed(string) => Cow::Borrowed(Path::new(string)),
            Cow::Owned(string) => Cow::Owned(string.into()),
        }
    }

    /// A platform agnostic variant of [`OsStrExt`].
    ///
    /// For more information, see [the module-level documentation][module].
    ///
    /// [module]: self
    /// [`OsStrExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt
    pub trait OsStrBytes: private::Sealed + ToOwned {
        /// Converts a byte string into an equivalent platform-native string.
        ///
        /// # Panics
        ///
        /// Panics if the string is not valid for the [unspecified encoding] used
        /// by this crate.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::env;
        /// use std::ffi::OsStr;
        /// # use std::io;
        ///
        /// use os_str_bytes::OsStrBytes;
        ///
        /// let os_string = env::current_exe()?;
        /// let os_bytes = os_string.to_raw_bytes();
        /// assert_eq!(os_string, OsStr::assert_from_raw_bytes(os_bytes));
        /// #
        /// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
        /// ```
        ///
        /// [unspecified encoding]: self#encoding
        #[must_use = "method should not be used for validation"]
        #[track_caller]
        fn assert_from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Cow<'a, Self>
        where
            S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>;

        deprecated_checked_conversion! {
            "use `assert_from_raw_bytes` instead, or enable the \
             'checked_conversions' feature",
            /// Converts a byte string into an equivalent platform-native string.
            ///
            /// [`assert_from_raw_bytes`] should almost always be used instead. For
            /// more information, see [`EncodingError`].
            ///
            /// # Errors
            ///
            /// See documentation for [`EncodingError`].
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            /// use std::env;
            /// use std::ffi::OsStr;
            /// # use std::io;
            ///
            /// use os_str_bytes::OsStrBytes;
            ///
            /// let os_string = env::current_exe()?;
            /// let os_bytes = os_string.to_raw_bytes();
            /// assert_eq!(os_string, OsStr::from_raw_bytes(os_bytes).unwrap());
            /// #
            /// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
            /// ```
            ///
            /// [`assert_from_raw_bytes`]: Self::assert_from_raw_bytes
            #[cfg_attr(
                os_str_bytes_docs_rs,
                doc(cfg(feature = "checked_conversions"))
            )]
            fn from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Result<Cow<'a, Self>>
            where
                S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>;
        }

        /// Converts a platform-native string into an equivalent byte string.
        ///
        /// The returned string will use an [unspecified encoding].
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::ffi::OsStr;
        ///
        /// use os_str_bytes::OsStrBytes;
        ///
        /// let string = "foobar";
        /// let os_string = OsStr::new(string);
        /// assert_eq!(string.as_bytes(), &*os_string.to_raw_bytes());
        /// ```
        ///
        /// [unspecified encoding]: self#encoding
        #[must_use]
        fn to_raw_bytes(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]>;
    }

    impl OsStrBytes for OsStr {
        #[inline]
        fn assert_from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Cow<'a, Self>
        where
            S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
        {
            expect_encoded!(from_raw_bytes(string))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Result<Cow<'a, Self>>
        where
            S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
        {
            from_raw_bytes(string).map_err(EncodingError)
        }

        #[inline]
        fn to_raw_bytes(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
            imp::os_str_to_bytes(self)
        }
    }

    impl OsStrBytes for Path {
        #[inline]
        fn assert_from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Cow<'a, Self>
        where
            S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
        {
            cow_os_str_into_path(OsStr::assert_from_raw_bytes(string))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn from_raw_bytes<'a, S>(string: S) -> Result<Cow<'a, Self>>
        where
            S: Into<Cow<'a, [u8]>>,
        {
            OsStr::from_raw_bytes(string).map(cow_os_str_into_path)
        }

        #[inline]
        fn to_raw_bytes(&self) -> Cow<'_, [u8]> {
            self.as_os_str().to_raw_bytes()
        }
    }

    /// A platform agnostic variant of [`OsStringExt`].
    ///
    /// For more information, see [the module-level documentation][module].
    ///
    /// [module]: self
    /// [`OsStringExt`]: ::std::os::unix::ffi::OsStringExt
    pub trait OsStringBytes: private::Sealed + Sized {
        /// Converts a byte string into an equivalent platform-native string.
        ///
        /// # Panics
        ///
        /// Panics if the string is not valid for the [unspecified encoding] used
        /// by this crate.
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::env;
        /// use std::ffi::OsString;
        /// # use std::io;
        ///
        /// use os_str_bytes::OsStringBytes;
        ///
        /// let os_string = env::current_exe()?;
        /// let os_bytes = os_string.clone().into_raw_vec();
        /// assert_eq!(os_string, OsString::assert_from_raw_vec(os_bytes));
        /// #
        /// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
        /// ```
        ///
        /// [unspecified encoding]: self#encoding
        #[must_use = "method should not be used for validation"]
        #[track_caller]
        fn assert_from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Self;

        deprecated_checked_conversion! {
            "use `assert_from_raw_vec` instead, or enable the \
             'checked_conversions' feature",
            /// Converts a byte string into an equivalent platform-native string.
            ///
            /// [`assert_from_raw_vec`] should almost always be used instead. For
            /// more information, see [`EncodingError`].
            ///
            /// # Errors
            ///
            /// See documentation for [`EncodingError`].
            ///
            /// # Examples
            ///
            /// ```
            /// use std::env;
            /// use std::ffi::OsString;
            /// # use std::io;
            ///
            /// use os_str_bytes::OsStringBytes;
            ///
            /// let os_string = env::current_exe()?;
            /// let os_bytes = os_string.clone().into_raw_vec();
            /// assert_eq!(os_string, OsString::from_raw_vec(os_bytes).unwrap());
            /// #
            /// # Ok::<_, io::Error>(())
            /// ```
            ///
            /// [`assert_from_raw_vec`]: Self::assert_from_raw_vec
            #[cfg_attr(
                os_str_bytes_docs_rs,
                doc(cfg(feature = "checked_conversions"))
            )]
            fn from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self>;
        }

        /// Converts a platform-native string into an equivalent byte string.
        ///
        /// The returned string will use an [unspecified encoding].
        ///
        /// # Examples
        ///
        /// ```
        /// use std::ffi::OsString;
        ///
        /// use os_str_bytes::OsStringBytes;
        ///
        /// let string = "foobar".to_owned();
        /// let os_string: OsString = string.clone().into();
        /// assert_eq!(string.into_bytes(), os_string.into_raw_vec());
        /// ```
        ///
        /// [unspecified encoding]: self#encoding
        #[must_use]
        fn into_raw_vec(self) -> Vec<u8>;
    }

    impl OsStringBytes for OsString {
        #[inline]
        fn assert_from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
            expect_encoded!(imp::os_string_from_vec(string))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> {
            imp::os_string_from_vec(string).map_err(EncodingError)
        }

        #[inline]
        fn into_raw_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> {
            imp::os_string_into_vec(self)
        }
    }

    impl OsStringBytes for PathBuf {
        #[inline]
        fn assert_from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
            OsString::assert_from_raw_vec(string).into()
        }

        #[inline]
        fn from_raw_vec(string: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self> {
            OsString::from_raw_vec(string).map(Into::into)
        }

        #[inline]
        fn into_raw_vec(self) -> Vec<u8> {
            self.into_os_string().into_raw_vec()
        }
    }

    mod private {
        use std::ffi::OsStr;
        use std::ffi::OsString;
        use std::path::Path;
        use std::path::PathBuf;

        if_raw_str! {
            use std::borrow::Cow;

            use super::RawOsStr;
        }

        pub trait Sealed {}

        impl Sealed for char {}
        impl Sealed for OsStr {}
        impl Sealed for OsString {}
        impl Sealed for Path {}
        impl Sealed for PathBuf {}
        impl Sealed for &str {}
        impl Sealed for &String {}

        if_raw_str! {
            impl Sealed for Cow<'_, RawOsStr> {}
        }
    }